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FlutterApp实战·第01天:Flutter安装和配置

2024-10-17 来源:个人技术集锦

Flutter安装文档:

  • 官方文档:
  • 中文文档:

Dart升级

  • Dart安装参考前面文章(Dart安装和初体验):
  • 后续学习我们采用最新Flutter版本,因此建议升级Dart最新版本(当前: 3.2.0 ): brew upgrade dart
$ brew info dart==> dart-lang/dart/dart: stable 3.2.0, HEADSDKhttps://dart.devConflicts with:  dart-beta (because dart-beta ships the same binaries)/usr/local/Cellar/dart/3.2.0 (1,022 files, 560.8MB) *  Built from source on 2023-11-19 at 10:04:05From: https://github.com/dart-lang/homebrew-dart/blob/HEAD/Formula/dart.rb==> Options--HEAD  Install HEAD version==> CaveatsPlease note the path to the Dart SDK:  /usr/local/opt/dart/libexec

VS Code安装

VS Code是免费的,支持Flutter的研发、调试和运行,没有理由不使用它作为Flutter的研发IDE(IntelliJ IDEA非常强大,可惜是收费)。

下载和安装VS Code下载:

  • 首先通过官网下载VS Code:
  • 点击下载之后,发现下载速度很慢:右键复制下载链接,然后把域名换成 “ vscode.cdn.azure.cn ”,重新通过浏览器打开进行下载,速度杠杠的

VS Code安装成功之后,就进行Flutter安装和配置。

Flutter SDK安装

我们可以从GitHub原始仓库和Gitee镜像仓库下载,由于中国访问GitHub网速太慢,建议从 Gitee镜像仓库 下载:

# 源代码目录 [/Users/obullxl/FlutterSpace]$ cd /Users/obullxl/FlutterSpace# Gitee下载 [推荐方式]$ git clone -b stable https://gitee.com/mirrors/Flutter.git flutter# GitHub下载 [网速可能较慢]$ git clone -b stable https://github.com/flutter/flutter.git flutter

Flutter SDK有多个版本,如 beta master stable 等,其中beta/master为开发分支, stable 为稳定分支,建议使用 稳定分支

  • 查看所有分支: flutter channel
  • 切换本地分支: flutter channel xxx
  • 查看当前版本: flutter --version
  • 升级最新版本: flutter upgrade
  • 检测Flutter配置: flutter doctor
# 切换到Flutter源代码目录$ cd /Users/obullxl/FlutterSpace/flutter# 查看Flutter所有分支 [建议stable分支]$ flutter channelFlutter channels:  master  main  beta* stable# 切换到stable分支$ flutter channel stable# 查看当前版本,由于我的Flutter是之前安装的版本[3.7.1]$ flutter --versionFlutter 3.7.1 • channel stable • https://gitee.com/mirrors/Flutter.gitFramework • revision 7048ed95a5 (10 months ago) • 2023-02-01 09:07:31 -0800Engine • revision 800594f1f4Tools • Dart 2.19.1 • DevTools 2.20.1# 升级Flutter版本$ flutter upgrade# 再次查看Flutter版本,已经是最终版本[3.16.0]$ flutter --versionFlutter 3.16.0 • channel stable • https://gitee.com/mirrors/Flutter.gitFramework • revision db7ef5bf9f (3 days ago) • 2023-11-15 11:25:44 -0800Engine • revision 74d16627b9Tools • Dart 3.2.0 • DevTools 2.28.2# 检测Flutter配置情况$ flutter doctorDoctor summary (to see all details, run flutter doctor -v):[!] Flutter (Channel stable, 3.16.0, on macOS 12.6.7 21G651 darwin-x64, locale zh-Hans-CN)    ! Warning: `dart` on your path resolves to      /usr/local/Cellar/dart/3.1.2/libexec/bin/dart, which is not inside your current      Flutter SDK checkout at /Users/obullxl/FlutterSpace/flutter. Consider adding      /Users/obullxl/FlutterSpace/flutter/bin to the front of your path.[!] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 33.0.1)    ✗ cmdline-tools component is missing      Run `path/to/sdkmanager --install "cmdline-tools;latest"`      See https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line for more details.    ✗ Android license status unknown.      Run `flutter doctor --android-licenses` to accept the SDK licenses.      See https://flutter.dev/docs/get-started/install/macos#android-setup for more      details.[✓] Xcode - develop for iOS and macOS (Xcode 14.2)[✓] Chrome - develop for the web[✓] Android Studio (version 2021.3)[✓] IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate Edition (version 2021.1.3)[✓] VS Code (version 1.84.0)[✓] Connected device (2 available)[✓] Network resources! Doctor found issues in 2 categories.

Flutter 仓库配置

和Java编程需要配置Maven国内仓库一样,Flutter也需要配置国内仓库,否则访问国外仓库要么访问不了,要么网速太慢。

在环境变量中,增加如下配置:

# 建软连接 [便于后面统一管理]$ cd /opt$ sudo ln -s /Users/obullxl/FlutterSpace/flutter ./flutter# 系统变量$ sudo vi /etc/profile# 增加内容export PUB_HOSTED_URL=https://pub.flutter-io.cnexport FLUTTER_STORAGE_BASE_URL=https://storage.flutter-io.cnexport FLUTTER_GIT_URL=https://gitee.com/mirrors/Flutter.gitexport PATH=$PATH:/opt/flutter/bin# 生效环境变量$ source /etc/profile

最后

至此,Flutter安装和配置已经完成了,接下来我们就通过VS Code编写Flutter App了!


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